Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Rate and Associated Factors Influencing Non-Adherence Among HIV/AIDS Patients Receiving Treatment at Imo State Specialist Hospital, Umuguma
Keywords:
Adherence, Antiretroviral Therapy, HIV/AIDS, Non-Adherence Factors.Abstract
The effective treatment of HIV/AIDS depends on adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART), which inhibits viral replication, boosts immunological function, and increases patient survival. Non-adherence, however, presents serious problems since it can result in drug resistance, virological failure, and higher rates of morbidity and death. This study assessed the adherence rate to ART and identified factors influencing non-adherence among HIV/AIDS patients receiving treatment at Imo State Specialist Hospital, Umuguma. A descriptive survey design was employed, using both primary and secondary data sources. Primary data were collected through structured questionnaire with 300 HIV-positive patients on ART between August 2023 and July 2024. Secondary data were derived from patient medical records and drug schedule reports. The sample size was determined using the Taro Yamane formula, incorporating an attrition rate. Data were collected using self-administered structured questionnaires and analyzed with Chi-square and SPSS (version 25) significance level (p < 0.05). Awareness of ART was high, with hospitals being the primary source of information. Drug adherence was 83%, but below the ideal >95%, with 47.3% reporting at least one instance of non-adherence. Most had been on ART for over a year, with common combinations including Alluvia (+ Lamivudine + Tenofovir). Non-adherence was linked to poverty, forgetfulness, and emotional issues. Strong relationships were observed between adherence and gender, age, marital status, education, and drug combinations (p<0.05). While adherence rates were relatively high, factors influencing non-adherence highlight critical areas for intervention. Healthcare providers should prioritize educating patients on ART regimen adherence and addressing specific barriers such as poverty, emotional challenges, and accessibility. Targeted strategies will enhance adherence, improving outcomes for HIV-infected individuals.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Uzoamaka Blessing N., Ibebuike Julia E., Nwanjo Harrison U., Nwagwu Solomon Adanma, Emesowum Anthonia Chinwendu (Author)
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